Distinction first formulated by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), adopted as a fundamental principle in linguistic semantics.
An analytic or necessary truth (‘sentence’ in linguistics) is true by virtue of its meaning: ‘All bachelors are unmarried men’.
A synthetic or contingent truth is true by virtue of empirical fact: ‘Grass is green’ is not necessarily true, but only if grass is green.
Source:
T M Olshewsky, ed., Problems in the Philosophy of Language (New York, 1969), ch. 5
Natural sciences
Chemistry[edit]
- Analytical chemistry, the analysis of material samples to learn their chemical composition and structure
- Analytical technique, a method that is used to determine the concentration of a chemical compound or chemical element
- Analytical concentration
Mathematics
- Abstract analytic number theory, the application of ideas and techniques from analytic number theory to other mathematical fields
- Analytic capacity, a number that denotes how big a certain bounded analytic function can become
- Analytic combinatorics, a branch of combinatorics that describes combinatorial classes using generating functions
- Analytic continuation, a technique to extend the domain of definition of a given analytic function
- Analytic expression, a mathematical expression using well-known operations that lend themselves readily to calculation
- Analytic function, a function that is locally given by a convergent power series
- Analytic geometry, the study of geometry using the principles of algebra
- Analytic number theory, a branch of number theory that uses methods from mathematical analysis
- Analytic solution: a solution to a problem that can be written in “closed form” in terms of known functions, constants, etc.
- Analytic variety, the set of common solutions of several equations involving analytic functions
Set theory[edit]
- Analytical hierarchy, an extension of the arithmetical hierarchy
- Analytic set, if it is a continuous image of a Polish space. These sets were first defined by Luzin (1917) and his student Souslin (1917)
- Lightface analytic game, a game whose payoff set A is a subset of Baire space; that is, there is a tree T on which is a computable subset of, such that A is the projection of the set of all branches of T
Proof theory[edit]
- Analytic proof, in structural proof theory, a proof whose structure is simple in a special way
- Method of analytic tableaux, a fundamental concept in automated theorem proving
Miscellaneous mathematical disciplines[edit]
- Analytic element method, a numerical method used to solve partial differential equations
- Analytic manifold, a topological manifold with analytic transition maps
Computer science
- Analytic or reductive grammar, a kind of formal grammar that works by successively reducing input strings to simpler forms
- Analytics, to find meaningful patterns in data
- Online analytical processing, interactive version of above
Miscellaneous natural scientific disciplines
- Analytic signal, a particular representation of a signal
- Analytical mechanics, a refined, highly mathematical form of classical mechanics
- Analytical balance, a very high precision (0.1 mg or better) weighing scale
Philosophy
- Analytic philosophy, a style of philosophy that came to dominate English-speaking countries in the 20th century
- Analytic proposition, a statement whose truth can be determined solely through analysis of its meaning
- Analytical Thomism, the movement to present the thought of Thomas Aquinas in the style of modern analytic philosophy
- Postanalytic philosophy, describes a detachment from the mainstream philosophical movement of analytic philosophy, which is the predominant school of thought in English-speaking countries
Social sciences
Psychology
- Analytical psychology, part of the Jungian psychology movement
- Cognitive analytic therapy, a form of psychological therapy initially developed in the United Kingdom by Anthony Ryle
- Psychoanalysis, a set of psychological and psychotherapeutic theories and associated techniques
Sociology
- Analytic induction, the systematic examination of similarities between various social phenomena to develop concepts or ideas
- Analytic frame, a detailed sketch or outline of some social phenomenon, representing initial idea of a scientist analyzing this phenomenon
Politics
- Analytical Marxism, an interpretation of Marxism
Linguistics
- Analytic language, a natural language in which most morphemes are free (separate), instead of fused together
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