Absolute

19th century idealists from Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) to Francis Herbert Bradley (1846-1924) – unlike the earlier 18th century idealist George Berkeley (1685-1753) – were heavily influenced by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804).

Kant insisted that there are limits to what we can, in principle, know about reality, and that we necessarily look at the world in certain ways only; for example in terms of substance and cause.

These idealists concluded that the world as we see it is somehow derivative, apparent, relative, incomplete, and even contradictory. They used ‘the absolute’ as a term for reality as it really is, free from these limitations but unknowable by us. Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) and the Greek philosopher Parmenides (early 5th century BC) have been seen as forerunners of this doctrine. (Also see: eleaticism)

For absolute idealism see: objective idealism

Source:
A Quinton, Absolute Idealism (1972); reprint of Dawes Hicks lecture at British Academy in 1971

Companies

  • Absolute Entertainment, a video game publisher
  • Absolute Radio, (formerly Virgin Radio), independent national radio station in the UK
  • Absolute Software Corporation, specializes in security and data risk management
  • Absolut Vodka, a brand of Swedish vodka

Mathematics and science

  • Absolute (geometry), the quadric at infinity
  • Absolute (perfumery), a fragrance substance produced by solvent extraction
  • Absolute magnitude, the brightness of a star
  • Absolute value, a notion in mathematics, commonly a number’s numerical value without regard to its sign
  • Absolute temperature, a temperature on the thermodynamic temperature scale
  • Absolute zero, the lower limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, -273.15 °C
  • Absoluteness in mathematical logic

Music

  • Absolute (production team), a pop music writing and production team
  • Absolute (record compilation), a brand of compilation albums from EVA Records
  • AbsolutePunk, a website, online community, and alternative music news source
  • Absolute (Aion album) by Japanese metal band Aion
  • Absolute (Time-Life album), an R&B compilation album
  • The Absolute (Ace Augustine album)
  • Absolute, an album by post-punk band The Scientists
  • “Absolute”, song by The Fray from the album The Fray
  • “Absolute”, a single by Scritti Politti from the 1985 album Cupid & Psyche 85

Philosophy and religion

  • Absolute (philosophy), a concept in philosophy
  • Absolute truth (Buddhism), describes the ultimate reality as “sunyata”, empty of concrete and inherent characteristics

Politics and law

  • Absolute defence, a factual circumstance or argument that, if proven, will end the litigation in favor of the defendant
  • Absolute liability, a standard of legal liability found in tort and criminal law of various legal jurisdictions
  • Absolute monarchy, a monarchical form of government in which the monarch’s powers are not limited by a constitution or by the law
  • Absolute majority, a majority of the membership of a group

5 thoughts on “Absolute

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