Open Systems in Biology
The model of open systems is applicable to many problems and fields of biology (Beier, 1962, 1965; Locker et al., 1964, 1966a). A survey of the biophysics of open systems, including theoretical foundations and applications, was given some years ago (von Bertalanlfy, 1953a); a revised edition (with W. Beier, R. Laue and A. Locker) is