Ludwig Elder von Mises

Ludwig Elder von Mises, the eminence of the “Austrian School” of economics, may be best known for his part in a debate that raged during the early part of the 20th Century about the possibility of successful economic coordination under socialism. Mises argued forcefully that state ownership of the means of production makes the best assignment of capital goods impossible, due to the absence of a market price system. Mises’s student, Friedrich Hayek, refined Mises’s insights and both were vindicated by history.

Born in Lemberg, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (now L’vov, Ukraine), Mises went to the University of Vienna in 1900 and there came under the tutelage of Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, who inducted Mises into the Austrian School. Mises’s first major work, A Theory of Money and Credit, showed, against the tide of current opionion, that money should be understood on the same terms as the rest of economic systems.

In 1913, Mises became an unpaid professor at the University of Vienna, and held a famous, high-flying seminar there, while he made his living at the Austrian Chamber of Commerce. Never fully appreciated in academic Vienna, and in flight from Nazi Austria, Mises moved to Geneva in 1934, where he completed his magnum opus, Human Action, which lays out a comprehensive economic theory based on what Mises took to be self-evident, a priori axioms of human behavior.

In 1940, Mises moved to New York City, where he met with more academic neglect, yet managed to publish such notable works as Omnipotent Government and Bureaucracy, and held a popular and influential seminar while teaching as a Visiting Professor at the NYU Graduate School of Business. Mises’s productivity, brilliance, and immense integrity in his defense of liberal ideals won him a devoted following who have brought him a small portion of the recognition he deserves.

Major works of Ludwig von Mises

– The Theory of Money and Credit, 1912
– Nation, State, and Economy: Contributions to the Politics and History of Our Time, 1919
– Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonweath, 1920, Archiv fur Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik
– Socialism: An economic and sociological analysis, 1922
– Neue Beiträge zum Problem der sozialistischen Wirtschaftsrechnung, 1924, Archiv fur Sozialwissenschaften
– Neue Schriften zum Problem der sozialistischen Wirtschaftsrechnung, 1926, Archiv fur Sozialwissenschaften
– Liberalism: the Free and Prosperous Commonwealth 1927
– Monetary Stabilization and Cyclical Policy, 1928
– Kritik des Interventionismus, 1929
– The Suitability of Methods of Ascertaining Changes in Purchasing Power for the Guidance of International Currency or Banking Policy, 1930, League of Nations
– The Causes of the Economic Crisis, 1931
– The Position of Money Among Economic Goods, 1932, in Meyer et al., editors, Die Wirtschaftstheorie der Gegenwart
– The Great German Inflation: Review of F.D. Graham, 1932, Economica
– Epistemological Problems of Economics, 1932
– Senior’s Lectures on Monetary Problems, 1933, EJ
– The Austrian Theory of the Trade Cycle, 1936, Bulletin of the Sociéte Belge d’Etudes et d’Expansion
– The Non-Neutrality of Money, 1938 (first published 1982)
– The Disintegration of the International Division of Labor, 1938, in The World Crisis
– Nationalökonomie: Theorie des Handelns und Wirtschaftens, 1940
– Social Science and Natural Science, 1942, Journal of Social Philosophy & Jurisprudence
– Economic Nationalism and Peaceful Economic Cooperation, 1942 (first published 1982)
– Autarky and Its Consequences, 1943 (first published 1982)
– Omnipotent Government: The rise of the total state and total war, 1944
– Bureaucracy, 1944
– The Treatment of ‘Irrationality’ in the Social Sciences, 1944, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research
– Monopoly Prices, 1944 (first published Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, 1998)
– The Clash of Group Interests, 1945, in Bryson, editor, Approaches to National Unity
– Planned Chaos, 1947
– Observations on the Cooperative Movement, 1947 in Cooperatives in the Petroleum Industry
– Human Action: A treatise on economics, 1949
– The Role of Doctrines in Human History, 1949 (first published 1982)
– The Idea of Liberty is Western, 1950, American Affairs
– Middle-of-the-Road Policy Leads to Socialism, 1950, Commercial and Financial Chronicle
– Profit and Loss, 1951
– Planning for Freedom, and Other Essays and Addresses, 1952
– Why Read Adam Smith Today?, Preface to 1953 reprint of Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations
– The Anticapitalistic Mentality, 1956
– Theory and History: An interpretation of social and economic evolution, 1957
– The Economic Foundation of Freedom, 1958 (first published 1988)
– Liberty and Property, 1958, Commercial and Financial Chronicle
– The Plight of the Underdeveloped Nations, 1959 (first published 1982)
– Economic Policy: thoughts for today and tomorrow, 1959 (first published 1979)
– Epistemological Relativism in the Sciences of Human Action, 1961, in Schoeck and Wiggins, editors, Relativism and the Study of Man
– On Equality and Inequality, 1961, Modern Age
– The Historical Setting of the Austrian School of Economics, 1962
– The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science: An essay on method, 1962
– Observations on the Russian Reform Movement, 1966, The Freeman
– Some Observations on Current Economic Methods and Policies, 1966 (first published 1982)
– Hundred Years of Marxian Socialism, 1967 (first published 1982)
– Capitalism versus Socialism, 1969, The Intercollegiate Review
– Notes and Recollections, 1978
– The Clash of Group Interests and Other Essays, 1978
– Money, Method, and the Market Process, 1982
– Economic Freedom and Interventionism, 1990 – collection of short and popular essays edited by Bettina Greaves, which includes:
The Economic Foundations of Freedom, 1960, The Freeman
The Elite Under Capitalism, 1962, The Freeman
The Economic Role of Saving and Capital Goods, 1963, The Freeman
Luxuries into Necessities, 1956, NYU Newsletter
The Saver as a Voter, 1957, Zeitschrift für das gesamte Kreditwesen
The Market and the State, 1968, Schweizer Monatshefte
The Outlook for Saving and Investment, 1966, Farmand
Inequality of Wealth and Incomes, 1955, Ideas on Liberty
The Why of Human Action, 1949, Plain Talk
Deception of Government Intervention, 1964, Christian Econ
The Agony of the Welfare State, 1953, The Freeman
Wage Interference by Government, 1964, Christian Econ
Unemployment and the Height of Wage Rates, 1961, Christian Econ
Wage Earners and Employers, 1962 radio broadcast, (first published 1988, Freeman)
Full Employment and Monetary Policy, 1957, National Review
Gold versus Paper, 1953, The Freeman
Inflation and You, 1942, Mercury
Inflation, 1951, NY World Telegram & Sun
Inflation: An Unworkable Fiscal Policy, 1951, Commercial & Financial Chronicle
Socialism, Inflation, and the Thrifty Householder, 1960, Christian Econ
Inflation Must End in a Slump, 1951, NY World Telegram & Sun
The Plight of Business Forecasting, 1956, National Review
The Marxian Class Conflict Doctrine, 1961, Christian Econ
The Marxian Theory of Wage Rates, 1961, Christian Econ
The Soviet System’s Economic Failure, 1959, NY World Telegram & Sun
On Some Atavistic Economic Ideas, 1966, Festschrift for Jacques Rueff
Capital and Interest: Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk and the Discriminating Reader, 1959, The Freeman
The Symptomatic Keynes: Review of Harrod’s Biography, 1951, The Freeman
Professor Hutt on Keynesianism, 1964, The Freeman
The Trade Cycle, 1951, The Freeman
How Can Europe Survive? Review of Sennholz, 1955, Christian Econ
Foreword to Kirzner’s The Economic Point of View, 1960
Liberty and its Antithesis: Review of Hayek’s Constitution of Liberty, 1960, Christian Econ
Review of Rothbard’s Man, Economy and State, 1962, New Individualist Review
Foreword to Percy Greaves’s Understanding the Dollar Crisis, 1973
Review of Rappard’s The Secret of American Prosperity, 1955, Freeman
A Dangerous Recommendation for High School Economics, 1962, Christian Econ
Foreign Spokesmen for Freedom, 1961, Freeman
Freedom Has Made a Comeback, 1962, New Guard
The Objectives of Economic Education: Memo to Read, 1948
On Current Monetary Problems: Interview with Greaves, 1969
On the International Monetary Problem, 1967, American Opinion
Small and Big Business, 1961, (first published, 1990)
Economics as a Bridge for Interhuman Understanding, 1945, (first published, 1990)
Economic Freedom in the Present-Day World, 1958, USA Magazine

 

 

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